KARAKTERISTIK HABITAT LARVA NYAMUK Culex spp DI BEBERAPA WILAYAH PERKOTAAN
(Habitat Characteristics of Larvae Culex spp in Urban Areas)
SETYO BUDI LAKSONO, UPIK KESUMAWATI HADI, SUGIARTO
RINGKASAN
Nyamuk Culex spp merupakan satu di antara serangga penghisap darah yang sangat penting bagi kehidupan manusia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengamati karakteristik habitat larva Culex spp dan keragaman jenisnya di beberapa wilayah perkotaan. Pengamatan dilakukan di daerah Dramaga Bogor, Yasmin Bogor, Depok, Jakarta Barat, dan Jakarta Timur. Larva nyamuk dikumpulkan dari genangan selokan dan kolam sekitar tempat tinggal penduduk. Keberadaan larva nyamuk pada daerah terpilih dicatat titik koordinatnya dengan alat GPS. Selain itu dilakukan juga pengukuran pH dan salinitas air. Larva yang terkumpul dipelihara di laboratorium hingga dewasa kemudian diidentifikasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa di lokasi Dramaga dan Jakarta Timur ditemukan nyamuk Culex quinquefasciatus dan Culex hutchinsoni, sedangkan di daerah Yasmin, Jakarta Barat, dan Depok hanya ditemukan nyamuk C. quinquefasciatus. Larva C. quinquefasciatus ditemukan dapat berkembang di selokan dan genangan air dengan pH berkisar antara 6.7 sampai 7.6 dan salinitas 0. Adapun C. hutchinsoni ditemukan berkembang pada selokan dan genangan air kotor dengan pH berkisar antara 6.8 dan 7.6 dan salinitas 0. Berdasarkan penelitian ini disimpulkan bahwa genangan air di sekitar pemukiman daerah penelitian didominasi oleh larva C. quinquefasciatus (98.97%).
Kata Kunci : Culex quinquefasciatus, Culex hutchinsoni, Karakteristik Habitat, Daerah Perkotaan.
ABSTRACT
Culex spp mosquitoes are one of the blood sucking insects which are of concern in human health. The habitat characteristics and the diversity of larval Culex spp in some urban areas were observed in this study. The study were made in the region of Dramaga Bogor, Yasmin Bogor, Depok, West Jakarta, and East Jakarta. Mosquito larvae were collected from the ditches and ponds surrounding residential population. The location of mosquito larvae presence in selected regions was recorded with GPS. In addition, the pH and salinity of water were also measured. The collected larvae were reared in the laboratory until the adult mosquitos and then identified. The results showed that in Dramaga and East Jakarta district there were found two species, i.e. Culex quinquefasciatus and Culex hutchinsoni. However, there were found only species of C. quinquefasciatus in Yasmin, West Jakarta, and Depok districts. C. quinquefasciatus larvae could be found at the ditch and pool of polluted water with pH of 6.7-7.6 and salinity of 0. Culex hutchinsoni could be found at the ditch and pool of water with pH of 6.8 and 7.6 and salinity of 0. Based on this research, it could be concluded that the pool of water around the resident was dominated by larvae of C. quinquefasciatus (98.97%).
Keywords : Culex quinquefasciatus, Culex hutchinsoni, Habitat Characteristics, Urban Areas.