STUDI HISTOPATOLOGI MANFAAT EKSTRAK JINTAN HITAM (Nigella sativa) PADA ORGAN PENCERNAAN AYAM BROILER
(Histopathological Studies of Black Cumin (Nigella sativa) Extract Benefits in Broiler Chickens Digestive Organs)
INTAN JUNITA TRI HADYANTI, SRI ESTUNINGSIH, MAWAR SUBANGKIT
ABSTRAK
Jintan hitam atau Nigella sativa merupakan salah satu tanaman obat yang terkenal di dunia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari perubahan histopatologi organ pencernaan ayam (proventrikulus, ventrikulus, duodenum, dan pankreas) pada ayam broiler setelah diberi N. sativa. Ayam (DOC) dengan jumlah 100 ekor dibagi menjadi tiga kelompok perlakuan, kelompok kontrol (K) diberi vaksin ND dan IBD, kelompok A diberi vaksin ND, IBD, AI, dan ekstrak N. sativa, kelompok B diberi vaksin ND, IBD, dan ekstrak N. sativa. Ekstrak N. sativa diberikan selama lima minggu dengan rute per oral. Setiap minggu mulai dari minggu ke-2 hingga minggu ke-6 ayam diambil secara acak sebanyak tiga ekor dari masing-masing kelompok untuk diuji histopatologi, ayam dinekropsi dan diambil sampel organ untuk difiksasi dengan Neutral Buffered Formalin (BNF) 10% kemudian dibuat preparat histopatologi dengan pewarnaan Haematoxylin Eosin (HE). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak jintan hitam menurunkan jumlah sel radang submukosa; mengurangi ketebalan koilin serta jumlah sel radang submukosa ventrikulus; meningkatkan persentase keutuhan epitel, jumlah dan luas vili serta jumlah kripta; meningatkan persentase sel asinar aktif dan bobot badan ayam. Berdasarkan hasil tersebut mengindikasikan bahwa N. sativa memiliki potensi untuk menjaga saluran pencernaan serta menurunkan jumlah sel radang.
Kata kunci : ayam broiler, histopatologi duodenum, histopatologi pankreas, histopatologi proventrikulus, histopatologi ventrikulus, N. sativa
ABSTRACT
Black cumin or Nigella sativa is a plant belonging to herbal medicine which is famous in the world. The research was conducted to study the histopathological changes of digestive organs (proventriculus, ventriculus, duodenum, and pancreas) in broiler chickens after administration of N. sativa. A total of 100 chickens (one day old chick / DOC) were divided into 3 treatment groups, namely control (K) group, vaccinated ND, and vaccinated IBD; group A vaccination with ND, IBD, AI virus and treated by extracts N. sativa; group B given ND, IBD virus vaccine, and extracts N. sativa. Extracts N. sativa was given for 5 weeks every day with the oral administration route. Every week since the second week up to sixth week chickens drawn at randomly to be analyzed histopathological, chicken were necropsied and organ samples were collected for a later fixed with Neutral Buffered Formalin (BNF) 10% and processed into histopathology slides stained with Haematoxylin Eosin (HE). The results showed that the extract of N. sativa reduced number of inflammatory cells in proventriculus; decrease of ventriculus koilin thickening while decreasing the number of inflammatory cells of ventriculus; increased the percentage of intact epithelium, increasing the number and extensive of intestinal villi; and increasing the number of bowel crypts; increase the number active acinar of pancreas and increase the body weight. This result indicate that extracts of N. sativa has the protective potency on gastrointestinal tract of broiler chickens and reduce the number of the inflammatory cells.
Key words: broiler chicken, duodenum histopathology, pancreas histopathology, proventriculus histopathology, ventriculus histopathology, N. sativa