STUDI KASUS PATOLOGI INFEKSI PROTOZOA Tetrahymena spp PADA IKAN HIAS GUPPY (Poecilia reticulata)
(Case Study Pathology of Protozoan Tetrahymena spp. Infection in the Freshwater Ornamental Fish Guppy (Poecilia reticulata))
FATMA DEWI PRAVITA PUTRI, DEWI RATIH AGUNGPRIYONO, SRI ESTUNINGSIH
ABSTRAK
Penelitian ini bertujuan mempelajari kasus infeksi protozoa Tetrahymena spp. yang ditemukan pada ikan Guppy (Poecilia reticulata), dengan mempelajari morfologi parasit dalam irisan jaringan serta lesi yang ditimbulkannya. Sampel yang digunakan adalah ikan hias Guppy yang terlihat sakit. Pengamatan gejala klinis pada sampel ikan Guppy terlihat lesu, keseimbangannya terganggu sehingga berenang secara vertikal. Pengamatan organ ikan dilakukan secara makroskopis dan mikroskopis. Hasil pengamatan makroskopis menunjukkan bahwa pada kulit ikan terdapat lesi hemoragi pada dorsal dan lateral abdomen. Parasit protozoa berada di jaringan kulit, otot dan insang. Protozoa teridentifikasi melalui pewarnaan Hematoksilin-Eosin (HE) dan berespon positif terhadap pewarnaan Periodic Acid Schiff (PAS). Pemeriksaan morfologi protozoa menunjukkan bentuk tubuh bulat pyriform, dengan ujung anterior menyempit. Protozoa tersebut berukuran rata-rata sekitar 50,5 x 32,4 µm. Protozoa menyebabkan terjadinya erosi, hemoragi di kulit, degenerasi dan nekrosa otot serta edema di insang. Sedangkan pada hati ditemukan degenerasi lemak yang parah. Gambaran histopatologi pada usus memperlihatkan adanya edema dan kongesti di mukosa. Ikan ini dipelihara di akuarium sehingga menurunnya kualitas air atau kontaminasi lewat pakan dan penanganan yang buruk diduga sebagai predisposisi penyakit.
Kata kunci: ikan Guppy, protozoa ikan, Tetrahymena spp.
ABSTRACT
The study was aimed to explore the protozoan Tetrahymena spp infection in Guppy (Poecilia reticulata) fish, with intended to the morphology of parasites in tissue sections and the resulting tissue lesions. Sample of diseased Guppy fishes were used in the study. Observation of clinical symptoms of the Guppy were revealed lethargic, vertical swimming and impaired equilibrium. The fish organs were observed macroscopically and microscopically. The result of macroscopic observation showed that there were excessive haemorrhage and ulceration at skin particularly in the dorsal and lateral abdomen. Protozoan parasite in the skin, muscles and gill tissues were identified by histopathological examination using hematoxylin-eosin staining and positive responses to periodic acid Schiff staining. Study of protozoan morphology revealed a spherical shape pyriform with a narrow anterior end, have dimension in average 50.5 x 32.4 μm. The parasites cause skin erosion, and hemorrhage, muscular degeneration and necrosis along with gills edema. Severe fatty degeneration was presented in liver while there was edema and congestion in the intestinal mucosa. As these fishes were been cultured in the aquarium such disease is thought to be caused by the deterioration of water quality, feed contamination or a poor handling.
Keywords: fresh water fish Guppy ; fish protozoan ; Tetrahymena spp.
Â