GAMBARAN HISTOPATOLOGI ORGAN HATI DAN GINJAL AYAM BROILER YANG DITANTANG VIRUS AVIAN INFLUENZA SETELAH PEMBERIAN EKSTRAK ETANOL ADAS BINTANG (Illicium verum)
RIZKI SEKARINGTYAS, WIWIN WINARSIH, AGUS SETIYONO
ABSTRAK
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji gambaran histopatologi hati dan ginjal ayam yang ditantang virus Avian Influenza subtipe H5N1 setelah pemberian ekstrak adas bintang (Illicium verum). Terdapat empat perlakuan yang terbagi atas kelompok yang hanya ditantang virus atau disebut kontrol positif (K1), kontrol negatif yaitu kelompok ayam yang tidak diberikan perlakuan sama sekali (K2), kelompok ayam yang diberi ekstrak adas dan ditantang virus H5N1 (P1), dan terakhir adalah kelompok ayam yang hanya diberi ekstrak adas bintang (P2). Ayam dicekok ekstrak tanaman obat dalam bentuk formulasi setiap hari dari umur 1 hari hingga berumur 3 minggu sebanyak 1 ml. Selanjutnya ayam diinfeksi virus AI H5N1 secara intranasal dengan dosis 104.0 EID50/0.1 ml per ekor. Hasil analisa statistik menggunakan uji Kruskal Wallis yang dilanjutkan dengan uji Dunn didapatkan bahwa terdapat perbedaan gambaran yang nyata baik pada organ hati dan ginjal (p < 0,05). Berdasarkan data kematian, adas bintang sebagai tanaman tunggal mampu menghambat kematian sebesar 37,5%. Hasil pengamatan histopatologi kedua organ didapatkan lesio-lesio organ berupa kongesti, degenerasi hidropis, hemoragi, infiltrasi sel radang, dan nekrosis. Pemberian ekstrak adas bintang pada ayam yang dicekok adas bintang dan ditantang virus mampu mengurangi jumlah lesio organ dibandingkan dengan ayam yang hanya ditantang virus.
Kata kunci: Adas Bintang (Illicium verum), Virus H5N1, Hati, Ginjal
ABSTRACT
The aim of this research were to study the potency of star anise and histopathology of chicken’s liver and kidney that were challenged by Avian Influenza virus subtype H5N1 after treatment with star anise (Illicium verum). The research used broiler that were divided into four groups: included K1 (positive control) that were challenged by Avian Influenza virus, K2 (negative control) that were without any treatment, P1 that were challenged by virus H5N1 and extract treatment, and P2 were the group that treated by extract star anise. Chicken was fed by extract star anise from 7 to 28 days age and were challenged by H5N1 virus intranasal with dose 104 EID50/0,1 ml/chicken. Statistical analysis using Kruskal Wallis’s test then continued by Dunn’s test showed significantly different (p<0,05) between K1 with K2, P1, and P2 for liver and showed between K1 with K2 and P2 in kidney. According to mortality rate, star anise in single treatment showed capability to reduce mortality rate 37,5%. Histopathological finding of both organ showed lesions such as congestion, degeneration, hemorrhage, infiltration of inflammatory cells, and necrosis. Treatment with star anise extract decrease lesion compare among group that were challenged by virus H5N1 and extract treatment with negative control group.
Keywords: Star Anise (Illicium verum), H5N1, Liver, Kidney